Exploring the Pros and Cons of a Robotic Knee Replacement

When needing knee replacement surgery, there are a few options to look into. There are total and partial, as well as robotic knee replacement surgery. Depending on your condition, needs, and medical advice, robotic knee replacement surgery may be the option for you. When diving into research on any surgery, it is crucial to understand the pros and cons and understand your condition to select the perfect fit. In recent years, there has been a rise in robotic knee replacement surgeries, but before learning about why, it is important to understand what robotic knee surgery is. 

What is Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery?

A robotic knee replacement surgery is very similar to the traditional knee replacement, except it is performed with assistance from a robotic arm that allows an increase in precision and accuracy. The surgeon removes the damaged tissue in your knee and replaces it with an artificial joint with assistance from the robotic arm. The surgery is not performed solely by a robot and is used more as a tool by the performing surgeon. This advancement in technology allows greater accuracy and better balance in the soft tissues around your knee, especially if you are a more complex case. 

The surgeon starts the surgery by making small incisions around the knee and inserts a camera into the knee joint, allowing the robotic arm to remove damaged bone and cartilage. A virtual model created from CT scans is another component used in the surgery to improve the level of accuracy. 

There are three types of robotic systems used in robotic knee replacement surgery: 

1. Robotic-Assisted Partial Knee Replacement (MAKOplasty)
2. Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthtroplasty (TKA)
3. Computerized Tomography (CT) scan for mapping removal and implant placement. 

Pros of Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery

• Increased Percision and Accuracy: Traditional methods, compared to the robotic surgery, offer a lower rate of accuracy when it comes to aligning the knee implant. The robot’s main part of the surgery is to assist the surgeon when aligning the implant to fit the patient. The increased accuracy this surgery provides will improve the overall function of the knee and create fewer problems down the road. 
• Personalization: By using imaging modalities like CT, the surgeon can create a personalized plan tailored to your specific anatomy. These scans will create a 3D model of the knee joint that is then used throughout the entire surgery by the robotic arm to promote accuracy. 
• Minimally Invasive: This surgery uses smaller incisions compared to the traditional route. This means the surgery, overall, is minimally invasive and will allow patients to experience less pain and fewer complications and lower the risk of infection. You will also experience a shorter stay at the hospital as well as less recovery time. 
• Long-Term Results: The precision associated with robotic knee replacement surgery leads to longer-lasting outcomes compared to other methods. The patient will experience improved mobility, reduced pain, and a better quality of life for a longer amount of time. 
• Human Error: The technological advancement creates a lower risk of human error in knee replacement surgeries. The robotic technology allows great accuracy along with the 3D scans that help map out your anatomy. 

Cons of Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery

• Cost: The technology used in robotic knee surgery increases the overall cost of the procedure. While some insurance plans cover this type of surgery, it is not guaranteed and may need to be paid out of pocket. 
• Surgeons: Whenever there is any advancement in technology, people have to learn and work towards educating themselves on the new equipment. Surgeons also have to do this. With robotic knee replacement surgery, surgeons need to have specialized training to learn how to operate and use the robotic technology for successful results. Depending on the area, you may be limited to doctors who have not yet learned this type of technology.
• Technical Malfunction: Like anything electronic, the robotic system can experience malfunctions. These incidents are rare but can happen. Surgeons are trained to adapt in case this happens during a surgery.
• Availability: The equipment needed for robotic knee replacement surgery is not going to be found at every hospital; you may have to look outside of your area for a facility that carries the proper equipment. This is still a relatively new technology, so hospitals in more rural areas have less likelihood of obtaining the equipment. 

Patients: Individuals with other medical conditions or abnormal anatomy may not be eligible for this surgery. Certain bone defects or obesity in patients make them not ideal for this procedure, and they may need to take the traditional route. It is always important to talk to your doctor to figure out the best option for you that will provide a successful outcome.

Ideal Candidates for Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery

As mentioned before, this knee replacement surgery is not suitable for everyone. Here are some ideal situations for candidates wanting robotic knee replacement surgery: 

1. Health: While this is a minimally invasive procedure, it is still seen as major and not taken lightly. If you are in generally good health and have no medical condition like diabetes, heart disease, or obesity, you have a higher chance of receiving the surgery. Individuals with health conditions have a higher risk of complications during surgery. 
2. Complex Knee Conditions: With the 3D aspect of the robotic knee replacement surgery, individuals who have complex injuries or issues will have a higher chance of having a successful surgery. The 3D aspect allows the surgeon to see the patient’s knee joint and surrounding areas before surgery and will give a better idea of what to expect. 

It is important to speak to your doctor about any underlying medical issues you may have to ensure you have a safe and successful surgery. 

Book an Appointment Today with The Jacksonville Orthopaedic Institute Today!

JOI physicians continue to offer new patient appointments online as convenient options for patients. To set up your appointment today for knee replacement surgery, schedule an appointment with one of our JOI physicians.