Anatomy of the Knee
By Tim Wall, MS, ATC
Anatomy of the Knee Joint
The knee, one of the most robust and complex joints in the human body, is a marvel of biological engineering. It features a multitude of components, each with its unique role and function. By diving into the knee muscle anatomy, we can better understand its function, the different types of muscles in the knee, and how these elements work together. Our knees are an intricate assembly of muscles, ligaments, and bones that work together to facilitate movement.
Please watch this Anatomy of the Knee Video.
Knee Ligaments
The knee is the body’s largest joint. It’s the place where three bones meet: the tibia, the femur and the patella. The knee is a “hinge” joint. It allows the leg to bend in one direction only. Let’s take a closer look at the main parts of the knee’s anatomy.
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL).
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL).
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL).
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL).
ACL Ligament
The ACL is the most commonly injured of the 4 major ligaments. This ligament is often injured in sports like football. The ACL provides internal stability and helps to prevent hyperextension and excessive rotation at the knee. The knee joint is a complex structure, and the anterior cruciate ligament plays a significant role in its stability. The cruciate ligament, specifically the ACL, is located deep within the knee joint and is one of the four major ligaments that connect the bones and provide support to the knee. It is composed of strong, fibrous tissue that maintains the integrity of the joint during various activities. The ACL works closely with other ligaments and structures in the knee to maintain overall joint stability.
The PCL also provides internal stability. It helps to prevent the lower leg from sliding too far backwards in relation to the thigh. It is often injured in car accidents when the knee hits the dashboard.
The MCL runs from the inside portion of the lower thigh to the upper inside of the lower leg. It helps to keep the knee from collapsing inward. The MCL often heals without having surgery but surgery can be an option with a 3 degree tear.
The LCL runs form the outside portion of the lower thigh to the upper outside of the lower leg. It helps to keep the knee from collapsing outward. The LCL injury is not as common as the other knee ligaments.
The unhappy triad injury to the knee is when the ACL, Medical Meniscus and the PCL are all injured at the same time.
Knee Joint Anatomy
Knee Functions
Detailed Anatomy
The knee joint, an architectural marvel, supports our body weight and facilitates movement. Its key components include bones, articular cartilage, menisci, ligaments, tendons, bursae, and synovial membrane and fluid. Understanding the intricate anatomy of the knee allows us to appreciate its function and the impact of injuries or conditions on it.
Images of the Anatomy of the knee.
Lateral Knee Joint Anatomy
When Should You See a doctor?
Whether you’re an athlete or a weekend warrior, taking care of your knees is essential. Regular exercise, especially strength training for the leg muscles, can provide support and stability. Avoiding strain during physical activities or sports, taking adequate rest and recovery time, and seeking medical advice for persistent knee issues are all crucial for maintaining knee health.
All JOI Physicians, Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists continue to accept new patients. If your pain continues for several days or is severe in nature, you should see a physician. Knee pain can often be traced back to muscle problems, such as a pulled muscle in the knee. Identifying the cause of knee pain is the first step toward finding a suitable treatment.
In addition, watch this video about why you should not wait if you have knee pain, please watch: KNEE PAIN CAN’T WAIT!
Related Articles: ACL Tear,
ACL Injuries: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
Articular Cartilage Damage in the Knee
Please watch this video on How To Put On a Medial Unloader Brace.
JOI and JOI Rehab
JOI Physicians are Northeast Florida’s most respected orthopedic practice. We continue to offer online new patient appointments. This is another option to make it more convenient to make new patient appointments with less phone hold times. Follow the link below to select your JOI MD and schedule online.
You can still call 904-JOI-2000 to make new patient JOI Physician Appointments if that is your preference.
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