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Neck injuries are more common than most think and range from mild discomfort to severe and debilitating pain. The neck, also called the cervical spine, is made up of seven vertebrae that support the weight of your head and allow for movement. This range of motion makes the neck susceptible to injury from things like poor posture, accidents, and underlying health conditions.
Common Causes of a Neck Injury
A neck injury can appear over time due to repetitive strain or degenerative conditions, as well as arise from a sudden trauma or accident. Understanding the causes of neck injuries is the first step towards treatment and prevention.
One of the main causes of a neck injury is whiplash. Most individuals experience this from car accidents. It occurs when the head is jolted backwards and then forwards, causing the soft tissue to stretch abnormally. Some symptoms include neck pain, stiffness, headaches, dizziness, and, in severe cases, cognitive issues.
2. Poor Posture
Prolonged use of technology like phones and computers results in poor posture and can lead to “gamer’s neck.” When holding your head forwards and looking down, it puts strain on the cervical spine that can then lead to muscle fatigue, joint dysfunction, or degeneration over time.
3. Muscle Strain
Athletes, office workers, and manual laborers are prone to neck injury as a result of muscle strain. Repetitive movements or prolonged positions can strain the neck muscles and ligaments.
4. Degenerative Disc Disease
As you age, the discs between the cervical vertebrae can degenerate and lead to conditions like cervical spondylosis or herniated discs. These conditions can compress nerves, leading to chronic pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness.
5. Neck Injury from Physical Activity
Contact sports like wrestling and football have an increased risk of players developing a neck injury. If proper technique or safety gear isn’t used, a neck injury may occur.
Treatment for a Neck Injury
Depending on the severity and cause of injury, the treatment options will vary. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience persistent pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms.
1. Rest
For minor to mild injuries, resting and avoiding activities that worsen the pain can be a treatment option for some. Short periods of rest and a gradual return to normal activity will prevent stiffness while promoting healing.
2. Physical Therapy
A physical therapist will develop a personalized program that will help you work towards restoring strength, flexibility, and range of motion in your neck. These programs may include activities like stretching, strengthening exercises, and posture correction.
3. Medication
For mild cases, over-the-counter pain relievers can help relieve pain and inflammation. For more severe cases, a muscle relaxant or prescription pain medication may be prescribed by your physician.
4. Ice and Heat Therapy
Applying ice after an injury will reduce inflammation and numb pain. After the initial swelling goes down, applying heat to the area will relax tense muscles and improve circulation while promoting healing.
5. Injections
A corticosteroid injection may be recommended by your doctor to reduce inflammation and pain around the nerves and joints in your neck. This is typically an option available after trying other treatments without having any success.
Surgery is an option for those who have experienced a severe injury or have attempted other treatment options and haven’t experienced any relief. Common surgeries for the neck are cervical discectomy, spinal fusion, and laminectomy. These procedures relieve pressure on nerves or stabilize the spine.
Preventative Measures for Neck Injuries
Preventing a neck injury, whether you have experienced one in the past or want to reduce your risk, can be done by adopting some of these habits.
Sitting: While sitting, you should keep your shoulders relaxed and back, your feet flat on the floor, and if working on a computer, you should keep the monitor at eye level.
Standing: Aligning your head over your shoulders and avoiding slouching your neck forward will help your standing posture.
Sleeping: Use a pillow that supports your natural neck curve. Avoid sleeping on your stomach.
2. Strengthening Neck and Back Muscles
Implementing exercises that target your neck, shoulders, and upper back can increase stability and reduce the risk of a neck injury occurring. Chin tucks, shoulder blade squeezes, and isometric neck exercises are a few activities that will promote stability.
3. Ergonomic Workspace
Having an ergonomic environment will reduce strain on the cervical spine. Set up your work area so that everything is within reach and promotes neutral positioning. A Standing desk, ergonomic chair, and external keyboard or monitor are all items that will make your workspace ergonomic.
4. Take Breaks
Avoid standing or sitting in one position for too long. Get up and move around every hour to prevent stiffness and tension.
5. Lifting Techniques
When lifting a heavy object, use your legs instead of your back and neck. Keep the object close to your body and avoid twisting motions.
6. Avoid Tucking Your Phone
Many find themselves putting their phone between their neck and shoulder when on a phone call. Avoid doing this; instead, use headphones or the speakerphone. This habit puts strain on the muscles of the neck and can create stiffness.
7. Protective Equipment
Athletes should always wear the appropriate gear for their sport, especially for high-risk sports. Helmets, neck braces, and proper coaching can reduce the risk of a neck injury occurring.
When Should I See a Doctor?
While minor to mild neck injuries can be resolved on their own through home care and rest, you should seek medical attention if you experience:
Persistent, chronic pain
Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or hands
Loss of bladder or bowel control (this can be an indicator of a severe spinal issue)
Pain after an accident or fall
Weight loss, fever, or night sweats, along with neck pain.
Contact a Doctor at the Jacksonville Orthopaedic Institute
If you have experienced a neck injury, the Jacksonville Orthopaedic Institute can help. JOI physicians continue to offer online new patient appointments. Contact us today to schedule your first appointment with JOI!
One of the most common injuries is classified as musculoskeletal trauma, affecting the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and joints. This injury can happen from almost anything, whether that be a sports-related injury or a fall. Whether the injury is minor or severe, proper treatment is crucial for restoring function, preventing long-term complications, and ensuring a full recovery.
When a musculoskeletal trauma occurs, there should be immediate treatment that will be followed up with a short-term plan that includes a diagnosis from a medical professional. Depending on the severity, a long-term treatment plan may be needed for some individuals. Understanding the differences between these treatments and the severity of your diagnosis will help you guide the recovery process.
What is Musculoskeletal Trauma?
Any injury that affects the body’s musculoskeletal system is classified as a musculoskeletal trauma. This includes:
Fractures
Dislocations
Sprains
Strains
Contusions
Tears
These injuries vary in severity and complexity. Trauma can be acute (sudden, usually due to impact) or chronic (due to poor biomechanics or repetitive motion).
After the injury occurs, the first few hours are crucial for immediate treatment. Early intervention can help reduce pain, limit damage, and support the overall healing and recovery process.
Asses the Situation
Evaluate the injury as soon as possible. Ask:
Is there visible damage?
Is the person alert?
Is there bleeding?
Can the injured area be moved safely?
If the injury is severe, like an open fracture, head trauma, or suspected spinal injury, call emergency services immediately.
Rest: Avoid using the injured body part and avoid weight-bearing activities.
Ice: Apply ice in 15-minute intervals to help with swelling and pain.
Compression: Use a bandage or wrap to reduce swelling, and avoid cutting off circulation.
Elevation: Raise the injured body part above the heart level to help reduce swelling.
Immobilize the Injured Area
If a fracture or dislocation has occurred or is suspected, keep the affected area immobile. Use a splint or sling and avoid trying to realign or “pop” anything back into place until a medical professional has seen you.
Pain Management
Pain relievers, such as over-the-counter ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help alleviate pain and inflammation.
Medical Evaluation and Diagnosis
A proper diagnosis from a medical professional is crucial for effective treatment planning. Typically, a medical evaluation is done by using:
X-rays to assess fractures or dislocations
MRI scans are used to evaluate soft tissue damage in ligaments and muscles.
CT scans are used if the injury is complex.
Physical exam to assess mobility and strength.
After the evaluation, a larger team of surgeons, physical therapists, and trauma specialists may be needed if your injury is more severe.
Short-Term Management: Days-Weeks after Injury
After receiving a diagnosis, the next step is recovery. Short-term management refers to the period of a few days to a few weeks following the injury. By this time, a physician should have seen you and provided a proper diagnosis, along with a recovery plan that may include at-home care or physical therapy. In certain circumstances, surgery may be necessary.
Immobilization
To protect the injury while it’s healing, your physician may give you a:
Cast or splint
Braces
Slings
The goal is to stabilize the injury and protect it while the healing process starts.
Medication
Your physician may prescribe medications including:
NSAIDs to manage inflammation
Muscle relaxants for spasms
Opioids for severe pain (used as a short-term medication)
Antibiotics in case of open wounds or surgery
Physical Therapy
A physical therapist will guide you and create a plan based on your injury’s severity and location. Physical therapy is often recommended to:
Maintain circulation
Prevent muscle atrophy
Promote mobility
Long-Term Management and Rehabilitation
Proper recovery for musculoskeletal trauma involves restoring strength, flexibility, coordination, and endurance. Depending on the severity of the injury, long-term recovery can last from several weeks to several months or even a year or more.
Progressive Rehabilitation
There are three phases to rehab:
Phase 1: Pain and Inflammation Control
Range of motion exercises
Ice, stimulation, and manual therapy
Phase 2: Strength and Endurance Rebuilding
Resistance training
Functional movement
Cardiovascular conditioning
Phase 3: Return to Activity
Sport- or job-specific training
Agility and coordination training
Psychological readiness
Surgical Intervention
In some moderate to severe cases of musculoskeletal trauma, surgical intervention is necessary to repair torn ligaments, realign fractures, or reconstruct joints. The most common procedures are:
Internal Fixation
Tendon or Ligament Reconstruction
Joint Replacement
Arthroscopy
Rehabilitation after surgery is usually longer and more structured than non-surgical recovery.
Managing Pain and Inflammation
After the immediate recovery process, some will still experience lingering pain or inflammation. Treatment options are:
If you experience chronic or persistent pain, you should contact a medical professional to rule out complications or nerve involvement.
Preventing Future Musculoskeletal Trauma Injuries
After your musculoskeletal injury heals, prevention of another injury from occurring is a priority, especially in athletes, elders, and laborers. Some ways you can prevent a re-injury include:
Balance and coordination training, especially in the elderly.
When Should I Seek Specialist Help?
While a minor injury may heal with rest, you should consult a medical professional if:
The pain persists for days
Swelling increases instead of going down with proper care
Visible deformity or instability of the injured area
Range of motion is limited
You experience numbness, tingling, or weakness
Specialists are trained to handle both common and complex musculoskeletal trauma. If you experience any of these signs or symptoms, contact your specialist immediately to start proper care and treatment.
Treating Musculoskeletal Trauma with Jacksonville Orthopaedic Institute Physicians
JOI physicians continue to offer online new patient appointments as a convenient and easy option for new patients. Contact Jacksonville Orthopaedic Institute today to schedule a new patient appointment for your musculoskeletal trauma.
Whether you are a professional athlete, a student athlete, or someone who plays sports casually, sports injuries are bound to happen. If not properly managed, these injuries can lead to long-term setbacks. Recovery varies tremendously depending on the type and severity of injury. Understanding treatment plans and proper recovery times will get you back in the game faster.
Common Sports Injuries: Recovery Times
Sprains and Strains
A sprain is the stretching or tearing of ligaments, whereas a strain involves muscles and tendons. The most common locations associated with sprains and strains are the ankles, wrists, knees, and hamstrings. Recovery times vary:
Grade I (Mild): 1-2 weeks
Grade II (Moderate): 3-6 weeks
Grade III (Severe): Several months and may lead to surgery
While recovering from a sprain or strain, rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) are essential to follow to reduce recovery time. For more moderate to severe cases, physical therapy may be needed for full recovery.
Bone Fractures
Broken bones are most common in the wrists, collarbones, fingers, and legs. Depending on the severity of the fracture, recovery time may be longer.
Minor Fracture: 6-8 weeks
Severe Fracture: 10-12 weeks or more if surgery is needed
With weight-bearing bones like the tibia or femur, longer recovery times are needed, sometimes up to 6 months before athletic activities can continue. Severe fractures often need surgical intervention and follow-up physical therapy to ensure functionality before jumping back into sports activities.
Dislocations
The shoulder, finger, and kneecap are the most common sites of dislocations. Depending on the joint type and severity, recovery times can range from 4 to 12 weeks. Some dislocations can lead to the stretch or tear of ligaments. When this happens, physical therapy is often needed to regain strength.
Tendonitis
Tendonitis is the inflammation of a tendon from overuse or stress. The elbow, shoulder, knee, and Achilles tendon are all common locations of tendonitis. For mild cases, recovery typically takes 2-6 weeks, while severe cases may require months for a full recovery. Depending on the severity, steroid injections may be needed to aid in recovery.
Concussions
A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head. For mild concussions, recovery time can span from 1-3 weeks, whereas severe concussions can take several weeks or months. If you experience a concussion as a sports injury, rest is essential before returning to sports. Continuing sports too soon can lead to serious complications. Clearance from a medical professional is vital before resuming activity.
What Influences Recovery Times?
Injury Severity
Depending on the severity, recovery times can vary significantly. For example, a grade I sprain will heal faster and take less recovery time compared to a grade III.
Treatment Type
If your sports injury requires surgical intervention, you will experience a longer recovery time that may need physical therapy or rehab.
Younger athletes who are in good health tend to heal faster than those who are older or have a decline in their overall health.
Compliance with Treatments
Those who follow through with recommendations for physical therapy and rehab will recover more effectively and efficiently compared to those who opt out of these treatments. Rehabilitation programs work to strengthen the injured area, allowing for a reduction in recovery time.
Mentality
Once an injury occurs, many athletes experience fear of re-injury, loss of confidence, or depression. This can delay the return to sports because of the emotional barrier. A recovery plan should include some type of mental health support, especially for athletes. Maintaining a positive mindset during recovery is challenging but crucial for athletes.
Do’s and Don’ts of Sports Injury Recovery
There are certain practices to follow and avoid when recovering from a sports-related injury. Here are a few examples of dos and don’ts when recovering from sports injuries.
Do’s
Rest: Listen to your body and doctor’s orders. If you push through the pain, the injury can worsen and lead to longer recovery times.
Following plans: Working closely with a physical therapist and following their rehabilitation plan will aid in recovery.
Diet: Ensuring you consume enough protein and incorporate vitamins and minerals into your diet will support tissue repair.
Sleep: Deep sleep is crucial for recovery. It allows the body to do a complete reset.
Hydrating: Staying hydrated is crucial. Water helps transport nutrients and maintain cellular repair functions.
Don’ts
Returning to Sports Too Soon: Even if the pain is gone, tissues may not be fully healed and ready to get back into sports. Listen to the physician regarding recovery times to avoid re-injury.
Skipping Rehabilitation: Skipping rehabilitation exercises can lead to weakness, instability, and an increased risk of reinjury.
Poor Nutrition: Having a poor diet and not drinking enough water can delay the healing process and muscle repair.
Ignoring Signs: Typically, the body gives signs that it’s not ready to resume athletic activity. You should not ignore signs of swelling or inflammation.
Knowing When to Return to Sports Activities
It is easy to become impatient when waiting for your sports injuries to heal, but returning too soon can be dangerous. Knowing when you are ready is not just about recovery time but also about functionality. Sports medicine professionals look at a few things before giving clearance:
Range of motion in the injured area
Strength compared to the uninjured side
Pain levels during physical activity
Testing completed without limitation
Clearance from a physician and/or physical therapist
Sports injury recovery can be frustrating, especially for those who compete and have teammates. However, rushing the recovery process can lead to re-injury or long-term injuries that may prevent you from returning. A positive mindset is crucial for recovery.
Sports Medicine Services: Jacksonville Orthopaedic Institute
Physicians at JOI offer sports injury services to athletes, providing proper treatment, recovery times, and rehabilitation plans. JOI Physicians continues to offer online new patient appointments as a convenient option with less phone hold time. Contact our team at JOI today to set up your appointment.
The wrists play a vital role in our daily lives, from typing to lifting objects and performing fine motor tasks. When wrist pain begins to interfere with everyday activities, it can quickly become debilitating and significantly limit your quality of life. Typically, wrist pain can be treated through physical therapy, rest, and medication; some conditions may require wrist surgery to restore function and provide pain relief.
Understanding when wrist surgery may be necessary can be challenging, as wrist pain can result from various factors.
Common Conditions that Need Wrist Surgery
Certain conditions that progress over time may necessitate surgery. Here are some of the most common issues that may require surgical attention:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: This condition results from the compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
Symptoms: Numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hands or fingers.
When Is Surgery Necessary? Surgery will be needed if symptoms worsen even after trying conservative treatments.
Wrist Fractures: A break in one or more bones of the wrist may need surgical intervention for proper healing.
Symptoms: immediate pain after trauma, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion.
When Is Surgery Necessary? If the bone(s) are unstable or unable to heal properly without surgical alignment.
Ligament Injuries: Tears or stretches in the wrist ligaments can lead to instability and long-term problems.
Symptoms: Pain, weakness, or a feeling of instability in the wrist.
When Is Surgery Necessary? For complete tears, ongoing instability, or conservative treatments that provide no relief, surgery will be needed.
Arthritis: Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can cause chronic wrist pain.
Symptoms: Swelling, limited motion, and joint deformity.
When is Surgery Necessary? If the symptoms persist and conservative treatments provide no relief, joint fusion or replacement surgery may be needed for relief.
Ganglion Cysts: A non-cancerous lump filled with fluid that usually forms on the back of the wrist
Symptoms: Visible bump, discomfort, or reduction in joint movement.
When is surgery necessary? If the cyst returns after aspiration or interferes with wrist function.
Tendon Injuries/Inflammation: Tendon issues can significantly impact the range of motion in the wrist.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the thumb and/or wrist.
When is surgery necessary? When there is a complete tear of the tendon or severe inflammation that cannot be relieved by conservative treatments.
When is Wrist Surgery Needed?
Many wrist conditions can be effectively treated with non-invasive and conservative methods. Determining when your condition requires surgical treatment can be challenging. Understanding signs to look out for is essential; here are a few factors that may indicate a need for surgery:
Worsening Symptoms: After attempting conservative treatments and having no improvement or relief of pain, it may be time to look into surgical options. Ongoing pain, numbness, tingling, swelling, or stiffness may indicate a more significant issue that has gone unnoticed.
Loss of Function: If your wrist condition is interfering with your ability to grip, lift, or even perform everyday activities like typing, surgery may be needed to restore function.
Damage: After undergoing diagnostic imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI, etc.) and a fracture, ligament tear, or joint degeneration is detected, surgery may be recommended to restore the damage.
Nerve Compression: Carpal tunnel syndrome and other conditions can lead to nerve compression, causing severe damage. If nerve-related symptoms continue to worsen, surgery may be needed to relieve pressure and prevent long-term effects.
Instability: Some injuries or conditions can lead to joint instability. If the wrist feels unstable or is visibly deformed, surgery may be necessary to realign the structures or restore stability.
Discuss with your doctor to see if your condition can be treated with noninvasive procedures first. Many physicians prefer starting with conservative treatments to avoid unnecessary.
Types of Wrist Surgery
The type of wrist surgery you receive depends on several factors, including the condition, its severity, and your lifestyle. Some surgeries may be minimally invasive, while others may be more complex, requiring longer recovery times.
Minimally Invasive Procedures
Wrist Arthroscopy: Arthroscopy offers several benefits, including a quicker recovery time, minimal scarring, and reduced pain after the procedure. A small camera called the arthroscope will be inserted through tiny incisions to diagnose and treat conditions such as
Ligament Tears
Cartilage Damage
Inflammation
Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release: This treatment option is used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome by releasing pressure on the median nerve through the use of a small camera and specialized instruments. This procedure has a faster healing time and less postoperative pain compared to open surgery.
Open Surgery Procedures
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): This wrist surgery is used to repair fractures by realigning broken bones and securing them with plates, screws, or pins.
Ligament Repair: When a ligament is torn, sutures, anchors, or grafting tissue are used to reconstruct the damaged area.
Wrist Fusion (Arthrodesis): Typically used to repair damage from arthritis or severe instability, bones in the wrist are fused to maximize stability.
Wrist Arthroplasty (Joint Replacement): This surgery replaces the damaged bones in the wrist with artificial structures.
Ganglion Cyst Excision: This removes the ganglion cyst after aspiration fails.
Tendon Repair: This surgery is used to repair torn tendons by transferring a healthy one if the original is beyond repair.
Recovery: Each surgery will require a different recovery time, during which the wrist will need to rest and potentially be immobilized to allow the healing process to complete. The less invasive the procedure is, the less recovery time a person typically experiences. With open surgery, you may have a longer recovery time and may need to stay overnight for postoperative care. It is crucial to follow your surgeon’s instructions to ensure a smooth recovery.
Book a New Patient Appointment with JOI Today!
Here at JOI, we have physicians who specialize in wrist procedures and diagnoses. Book a new patient appointment today to discuss the treatment options available for your condition.
Having back problems is one of the most common health issues. Whether you are experiencing a dull ache or a sharp, radiating pain, spine disorders can impact our quality of life significantly by reducing mobility and comfort. The spine is made up of bones, discs, nerves, and muscles that all work together to support the body. When seeking a diagnosis and treatment, it is essential to understand the various spine disorders you may have.
Understanding Spine Anatomy
Before educating yourself on the various spine disorders, it is helpful to understand the basic anatomy of the spine. The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is the primary support structure of the body, allowing us to stand upright, bend, and twist. Its most important job, though, is to protect the spinal cord. The spinal cord is a vital component of the nervous system, carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body.
The spine is divided into five parts:
Cervical Spine (C-spine or Neck): The cervical spine, commonly referred to as the C-spine or neck, consists of 7 vertebrae that work together to support the head and allow for neck movement.
Thoracic Spine (T-spine or Upper Back): The T-spine has 12 vertebrae that attach to the ribcage and provide stability and protection.
Lumbar Spine (L-spine or Lower Back): The L-spine is composed of 5 vertebrae that work to bear most of the body’s weight.
Sacrum: The sacrum is a triangular bone composed of 5 fused vertebrae that connects the spine to the pelvis.
Coccyx (Tailbone): The tailbone is a four-vertebrae structure that is fused together at the very end of the spine.
Intervertebral discs are located between the vertebrae of the spine and act as a cushion to absorb shock. Ligaments, tendons, and muscles provide strength, stability, and flexibility.
Understanding the basic anatomy will later help you understand which disorders affect specific regions of the spine and provide more insight into the exact type of pain you may be experiencing.
Common Spine Disorders
Back problems can come from various spine disorders that can affect anyone, regardless of age. Here are some of the most common spine disorders that cause back pain:
Herniated Disc: This condition, also commonly known as a slipped disc, occurs when the soft inner part of a spinal disc protrudes through the outer layer.
Causes: Wear and tear due to age, improper lifting mechanics, and trauma.
Symptoms: Sharp pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arms or legs.
Where in the Spine: Typically in the L-spine and C-spine.
Spinal Stenosis: This condition is the narrowing of the spinal canal, which then causes compression of the spinal cord or surrounding nerves.
Causes: aging, arthritis, or thickened ligaments.
Symptoms: Pain, numbness, muscle weakness, or cramping when walking or standing for long periods.
Where in the spine: Mainly the L-spine and C-spine.
Degenerative Disc Disease: This spinal disorder occurs when the disc loses hydration and flexibility, resulting in reduced cushioning between the vertebrae.
Causes: Aging, wear and tear, repetitive stress, and injury.
Chronic neck or back pain that worsens with increased movement or prolonged sitting.
Where in the Spine: L-spine and C-spine are the most common.
Sciatica: This condition occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed.
Causes: Herniated disc or spinal stenosis pressing on the sciatic nerve.
Symptoms: Sharp, shooting pain in the buttock or upper leg, numbness, or weakness.
Where in the Spine: The sciatic nerve is located in the lumbar and sacral region of the spine.
Scoliosis: An abnormal curvature of the spine.
Causes: Scoliosis can be present at birth or develop later in life, with no known specific causes.
Symptoms: Uneven shoulders or hips, or back pain.
Where in the Spine: Curvature can appear throughout the spine, but more commonly in the T and L-spine.
Diagnosing Spine Disorders
Before beginning treatment, a proper diagnosis needs to be made. Depending on your doctor, you may need to undergo diagnostic imaging (such as an X-ray, MRI, or CT scan), a physical examination, and neurological assessments. Here is what you can expect when figuring out your diagnosis:
Medical History and Physical Exam: Often, the first step in finding a diagnosis is to review your medical history in detail and undergo a physical examination. This may include checking your posture, spine alignment, range of motion, and reflexes.
Diagnostic Imaging: Your doctor may order imaging to get a closer look at the bones, discs, and soft tissue. The most common diagnostic imaging used to diagnose spine disorders is:
X-rays: Used to detect bone fractures or abnormalities.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ideal for examining soft tissues, such as the discs, nerves, and ligaments, in greater detail.
DEXA Scan: Useful to assess bone health or conditions like osteoporosis.
Neurological Assessment: Because back problems can affect nerves, doctors may perform a neurological assessment to evaluate muscle strength, reflex response, sensation, coordination, and balance.
These studies will help the doctor understand your condition in more detail, allowing them to make a proper diagnosis, so you can take the necessary steps to receive treatments for your back pain.
Treatments for Spine Disorders and Back Pain
Depending on the disorder, severity, and your overall health, the treatment you receive can vary. In most cases, surgery is avoided, and less invasive treatment is recommended to provide relief and improve function.
Non-Surgical Treatments: For mild to moderate cases, many physicians recommend trying non-surgical treatments first, as they are non-invasive to the patient. Here are a few common treatments:
Physical therapy to strengthen core muscles and relieve pressure on the spine.
Medications like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or muscle relaxants.
Lifestyle changes, such as weight management and posture improvement, can reduce strain on the spine.
Minimally Invasive Treatments: After trying more conservative treatments, you may need to consider minimally invasive options if you haven’t found the proper relief.
Epidural Steroid Injection: Reduces inflammation and relieves nerve-related pain.
Facet Joint Injections/Nerve Blocks: Targets pain from arthritic joints or compressed nerves.
Radio frequency Ablation: Heat is used to relieve nerve pain.
Surgical Treatments: Surgery is an option for severe cases where conservative and minimally invasive treatments have not worked.
Laminectomy: Removal of part of the vertebrae to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.
Spinal Fusion: Joins vertebrae together to stabilize the spine.
Artificial Disc Replacement: Replaces a damaged disc to preserve motion.
Book a New Patient Appointment with JOI to discuss Spine Disorders
Are you currently seeking effective ways to alleviate your back pain? Our dedicated team of JOI doctors are here to help. We understand how debilitating back pain can be, and we are committed to providing you with the care you need. Contact us today so we can initiate the next steps in accurately diagnosing and effectively treating your back pain, helping you get back to your daily activities.
Jacksonville Orthopaedic Institute (JOI) wants to alert our patients about an online bill payment website called DOXO.com. While this site may appear to be affiliated with JOI, it is NOT. DOXO.com is a third-party website that allows users to pay bills online—but it is not authorized by or connected to Jacksonville Orthopaedic Institute in any way.
Using DOXO.com may result in:
Delayed payments: Payments made through this third-party service are not received by JOI immediately, which can lead to processing delays and potential account issues.
Additional fees: DOXO.com may charge extra service fees that are not associated with JOI’s billing process.
Billing confusion: Because JOI has no control over this platform, we cannot verify payments or assist with issues that arise from using DOXO.com.
To ensure your payment is processed safely and directly through JOI, please use our official, secure payment portal or call our billing department at 904-858-6422.
Ankle injuries are extremely common and affect people of all ages and sizes. Whether you have a sprain, fracture, or old injury, learning how to manage an ankle injury is important for a successful recovery. When ankle injuries are left untreated, they can lead to long-term complications and reduce your mobility.
Understanding Ankle Injuries
“Ankle Injuries” is a very vague saying. The ankle can experience mild to severe sprains, fractures, strains, and tendon injuries. Each injury has its own set of symptoms, causes, and treatments. Understanding the differences between ankle injuries is the first step in finding treatments for effective management.
1. Ankle Injuries:
Sprains: One of the most common ankle injuries is a sprain. Sprains usually happen when the ligaments connecting the bones in the ankle are stretched or torn. Twisting or rolling your ankle can cause an ankle sprain, which can cause pain, swelling, and bruising.
Fracture: An ankle fracture, or break, can happen to one or more ankle joint bones. This injury usually occurs from high-impact activities like a sports accident, a car crash, or a fall.
Strains: An ankle strain is where the muscles or tendons around the ankle are overworked or misused. Strains affect the soft tissue, not the ligaments.
Tendon Injuries: Achilles tendinitis and tears are the most common tendon injuries of the ankle. These injuries develop over time due to improper foot and ankle use and movements.
Ankle Instability When experiencing repeated sprains or injuries, instability of the ankle can occur. This creates chronic pain that results in difficulty walking and frequent ankle rolling.
2. Common Causes of Ankle Injuries:
Sports and Exercise: Ankle injuries in sports and exercises, especially those that involve running, are widespread. One misstep can lead to a sprain, strain, or fracture.
Falls: Tripping or falling while walking on an uneven surface can lead to injury. These incidents can result in rolling or twisting the foot, causing an injury like a sprain, strain, or fracture.
Footwear: Your shoes can play a big role in causing injury. Wearing shoes without proper support will increase the risk of injury, especially in high-impact activities.
Overuse: Overusing the ankle without rest or a proper warm-up increases the risk of ankle injuries.
Understanding Ankle Anatomy
The ankle’s anatomy is complex. It consists of bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles that work together to provide stability and mobility when standing, walking, or running. Understanding the anatomy will help clarify the different ankle injuries and how they affect the joint space.
Bones: The shin (tibia), fibula, and talus form the ankle joint. The heel (calcaneus) is another important bone that plays a major role in weight bearing.
Ligaments: Ligaments are bands of tissue that connect bones. The main ligaments of the ankle are the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL).
Tendons: Tendons are what connect the muscles to the bones. The Achilles tendon plays a major role in walking, running, and standing, and is also prone to injury or overuse.
Muscles: Several muscles provide support and help movement, including the tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles.
Ankle Injuries: Recognizing Symptoms
After learning about the different ankle injuries and the anatomy involved, you need to understand the symptoms to best identify the injury you may have experienced. While some ankle injuries share the same symptoms, there are common signs to look out for.
Pain: Pain usually occurs first and tends to be the most obvious symptom. Depending on the injury and severity, it can range from a dull ache to a sharp or stabbing sensation.
Swelling: Swelling typically happens due to inflammation and can range from mild to severe.
Bruising: Bruising is a common indicator of a sprain, strain, or fracture. Bruising can develop over time or happen immediately after injury.
Instability and Limited Range of Motion: Ankle injuries, especially those that cause ligament damage, can make the ankle feel unstable or weak. This can reduce your range of motion and lead to pain when moving the ankle or walking.
After evaluating your symptoms, it is important to be able to differentiate between mild and severe injury.
Severe Injuries: Grade three sprains or strains, fractures, and ligament tears are all categorized as severe injuries. These ankle injuries involve complete tears of ligaments or tendons and breaks of the bones in the ankle. The pain, swelling, and bruising will be more severe and will majorly impact your mobility. Surgery may be needed. Immediately find medical attention to ensure full recovery.
Mild Injuries: Grade one sprains or strains are categorized as mild and often lead to mild pain, swelling, and tenderness. Typically, mobility has no major impact, and the ankle can be healed from resting and icing.
Moderate Injuries: Grade two sprains or strains are typically caused by partial tearing of the ligaments or tendons. This can lead to more significant pain, swelling, and bruising. With proper treatment, walking will become easier and the pain more bearable.
Surgery for Ankle Injuries
While most mild and moderate ankle injuries can be managed at home with rest, some severe cases may need surgery to ensure a full and successful recovery. Here are some common ankle surgeries:
Ankle Arthroscopy: This is a minimally invasive surgery that involves repairing or cleaning damaged tissue, like cartilage or inflamed areas. This is used to treat minor fractures, ligaments, and joint arthritis.
Ligament Repair: In severe cases of ligament tears, surgery may be needed to stitch the ligaments back together.
Fracture Fixation with Plates and Screws: Surgery may be needed to realign the bones after a fracture occurs. Metal plates, screws, and pins may be used to secure the fractured site.
Ankle Fusion (Arthrodesis): If severe joint damage has occurred, an ankle fusion may be needed. This will fuse the bones of the ankle joint to reduce pain and provide stability.
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Shoulder pain can be debilitating and affect your everyday life, even with small tasks like reaching for a shelf. Whether the injury is a rotator cuff tear, arthritis, or sports-related, your daily life can be severely impacted. There are several options for shoulder pain relief, like pain management or surgery. A less invasive option that has recently become popular is shoulder arthroscopy.
What is Shoulder Arthroscopy?
Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows proper diagnosis and treatment of shoulder pain. The physician makes a small incision and uses an arthroscope to view the shoulder joint. The arthroscope is a thin tube with a camera that provides images of the joint space and surrounding anatomy, like the bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. This allows a detailed view of the shoulder to be seen to help create a diagnosis and treatment plan.
Shoulder arthroscopy uses tiny incisions, about half an inch big, making it a minimally invasive procedure compared to surgery and allowing for a less painful and shorter recovery time.
Benefits of Shoulder Arthroscopy
Patients prefer shoulder arthroscopy compared to other procedures because of the benefits it entails. Here are some key advantages to this procedure:
Minimally Invasive: The biggest advantage of shoulder arthroscopy is the minimally invasive approach. Instead of large incisions that can lead to further complications, smaller ones are made. This alone reduces the trauma to the shoulder, recovery times, and risks involved.
Recovery: Because of the less invasive approach, the recovery time is significantly shorter than traditional surgery. Most patients are able to go home the same day as the procedure and return to normal activities within a few weeks.
Less Risks: The risks involved with shoulder arthroscopy are minimal. There is a reduced likelihood of infection, less bleeding, and smaller scars.
Improved Pain Management: Most patients experience less post-operative pain after the procedure. This leads to a more comfortable recovery time and a reduction in chronic pain.
Common Conditions Treated with Shoulder Arthroscopy
Shoulder arthroscopy is used to treat a wide range of shoulder conditions like rotator cuff tears, labral tears, impingement syndrome, and more.
Rotator Cuff Tears:The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that work to stabilize the shoulder. Rotator cuff tears are extremely common and lead to shoulder pain and reduced mobility. Shoulder arthroscopy can be used to repair tendons and remove damaged tissue to restore the shoulder’s function and alleviate pain.
Labral Tears: The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket and provides stability to the joint. Labral tears can lead to pain and instability. Shoulder arthroscopy is used for labral tears like SLAP lesions (superior labrum anterior-posterior) and Bankart lesions, which are common in athletes.
Impingement Syndrome: Impingement happens when the tendons of the rotator cuff become compressed or irritated when they pass through the acromion (shoulder bone). This leads to pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Arthroscopy allows the surgeon to remove damaged tissue or shave down the bone to help alleviate the pressure and pain associated with impingement syndrome.
Shoulder Instability: Shoulder instability occurs when the ball of the shoulder joint slips in and out of the socket. This can lead to pain and frequent “popping” of the shoulder. Shoulder arthroscopy is used to repair or tighten the ligaments to stabilize the shoulder joint and restore function.
Arthritis: Osteoarthritis or other degenerative joint diseases cause pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility in the shoulder. Shoulder arthroscopy can not cure arthritis, but it can remove damaged cartilage, clean out the joint, and smooth rough surfaces to reduce pain and improve the function of the joint.
Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis): Frozen shoulder is a condition that leads to stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. Shoulder arthroscopy is used as the next step after trying conservative treatments. The arthroscopy procedure allows the removal of scar tissue and the release of tight capsules around the shoulder joint, improving movement and discomfort.
The Process of Shoulder Arthroscopy
Prep and Anesthesia: Before your surgery can start, your surgeon will discuss anesthesia options and the preparation needed. In most cases, arthroscopy is performed under general anesthesia, meaning you will be asleep during the procedure. Regional anesthesia is also used to numb the shoulder area.
Incisions and Insertion: After anesthesia is given, the surgeon will make small incisions that allow the arthroscope to access the shoulder joint. The surgeon will then insert the arthroscope, which will provide high-quality images to help visualize the inside of the shoulder joint.
Diagnosing Stage: Once the arthroscope is inserted, the surgeon can examine the shoulder joint for signs of damage, such as tears, inflammation, or instability. This will lead to the surgeon’s creation of a diagnosis.
Treatment Stage: Once the problem is identified, the surgeon performs treatment through the other small incisions. Specialized instruments will be used depending on the condition:
Rotator Cuff Tear: Reattaching the tendons to the bones will be done using sutures or anchors.
Labral Tears: Repaired by stitching torn tissue or attaching it to the bone.
Bone Spurs/Impingement: The bone will be shaved down to relieve pressure on the tendons.
Typically speaking, shoulder arthroscopy is performed as an outpatient procedure lasting between 30 minutes and 2 hours, depending on the treated condition. Once the procedure is completed, you will be in the postoperative care stage:
Postoperative Care: After the procedure, you will move to a recovery room for the anesthesia to wear off. Many patients experience mild discomfort or soreness that can be managed with pain medications if needed. Since arthroscopy is done in an outpatient setting, you will be able to go home the day of the procedure.
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When needing knee replacement surgery, there are a few options to look into. There are total and partial, as well as robotic knee replacement surgery. Depending on your condition, needs, and medical advice, robotic knee replacement surgery may be the option for you. When diving into research on any surgery, it is crucial to understand the pros and cons and understand your condition to select the perfect fit. In recent years, there has been a rise in robotic knee replacement surgeries, but before learning about why, it is important to understand what robotic knee surgery is.
What is Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery?
A robotic knee replacement surgery is very similar to the traditional knee replacement, except it is performed with assistance from a robotic arm that allows an increase in precision and accuracy. The surgeon removes the damaged tissue in your knee and replaces it with an artificial joint with assistance from the robotic arm. The surgery is not performed solely by a robot and is used more as a tool by the performing surgeon. This advancement in technology allows greater accuracy and better balance in the soft tissues around your knee, especially if you are a more complex case.
The surgeon starts the surgery by making small incisions around the knee and inserts a camera into the knee joint, allowing the robotic arm to remove damaged bone and cartilage. A virtual model created from CT scans is another component used in the surgery to improve the level of accuracy.
There are three types of robotic systems used in robotic knee replacement surgery:
Computerized Tomography (CT) scan for mapping removal and implant placement.
Pros of Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery
Increased Percision and Accuracy: Traditional methods, compared to the robotic surgery, offer a lower rate of accuracy when it comes to aligning the knee implant. The robot’s main part of the surgery is to assist the surgeon when aligning the implant to fit the patient. The increased accuracy this surgery provides will improve the overall function of the knee and create fewer problems down the road.
Personalization: By using imaging modalities like CT, the surgeon can create a personalized plan tailored to your specific anatomy. These scans will create a 3D model of the knee joint that is then used throughout the entire surgery by the robotic arm to promote accuracy.
Minimally Invasive: This surgery uses smaller incisions compared to the traditional route. This means the surgery, overall, is minimally invasive and will allow patients to experience less pain and fewer complications and lower the risk of infection. You will also experience a shorter stay at the hospital as well as less recovery time.
Long-Term Results: The precision associated with robotic knee replacement surgery leads to longer-lasting outcomes compared to other methods. The patient will experience improved mobility, reduced pain, and a better quality of life for a longer amount of time.
Human Error: The technological advancement creates a lower risk of human error in knee replacement surgeries. The robotic technology allows great accuracy along with the 3D scans that help map out your anatomy.
Cons of Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery
Cost: The technology used in robotic knee surgery increases the overall cost of the procedure. While some insurance plans cover this type of surgery, it is not guaranteed and may need to be paid out of pocket.
Surgeons: Whenever there is any advancement in technology, people have to learn and work towards educating themselves on the new equipment. Surgeons also have to do this. With robotic knee replacement surgery, surgeons need to have specialized training to learn how to operate and use the robotic technology for successful results. Depending on the area, you may be limited to doctors who have not yet learned this type of technology.
Technical Malfunction: Like anything electronic, the robotic system can experience malfunctions. These incidents are rare but can happen. Surgeons are trained to adapt in case this happens during a surgery.
Availability: The equipment needed for robotic knee replacement surgery is not going to be found at every hospital; you may have to look outside of your area for a facility that carries the proper equipment. This is still a relatively new technology, so hospitals in more rural areas have less likelihood of obtaining the equipment.
Patients: Individuals with other medical conditions or abnormal anatomy may not be eligible for this surgery. Certain bone defects or obesity in patients make them not ideal for this procedure, and they may need to take the traditional route. It is always important to talk to your doctor to figure out the best option for you that will provide a successful outcome.
Ideal Candidates for Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery
As mentioned before, this knee replacement surgery is not suitable for everyone. Here are some ideal situations for candidates wanting robotic knee replacement surgery:
Health: While this is a minimally invasive procedure, it is still seen as major and not taken lightly. If you are in generally good health and have no medical condition like diabetes, heart disease, or obesity, you have a higher chance of receiving the surgery. Individuals with health conditions have a higher risk of complications during surgery.
Complex Knee Conditions: With the 3D aspect of the robotic knee replacement surgery, individuals who have complex injuries or issues will have a higher chance of having a successful surgery. The 3D aspect allows the surgeon to see the patient’s knee joint and surrounding areas before surgery and will give a better idea of what to expect.
It is important to speak to your doctor about any underlying medical issues you may have to ensure you have a safe and successful surgery.
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Adhesive capsulitis, more commonly known as a frozen shoulder, is a debilitating condition that occurs when the tissue in the shoulder joint thickens and tightens up, causing extreme pain and discomfort. In most cases, individuals do not know they have this condition until their range of motion is significantly limited and they experience pain. This condition has three individual stages. Several factors come into play when developing a frozen shoulder, like age, gender, activity, and underlying conditions. Understanding what adhesive capsulitis is and its main causes is essential while looking for prevention and treatment.
What is Adhesive Capsulitis?
Frozen Shoulder is a condition where the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder (the glenohumeral joint) stiffens due to the connective tissue thickening and tightening around the area. Normally, this condition develops over time, starting with mild pain and progressing to extreme pain and a significant loss of mobility in the shoulder, almost making it immobile. There are three phases: the freezing phase, the frozen phase, and the thawing phase. Knowing what phase you are at with a frozen shoulder can help you find the best treatment.
Freezing Phase: In this stage, you will notice a reduction in shoulder range of motion and gradual aching of the shoulder.
Frozen Phase: During the second stage, inflammation declines and is replaced by stiffness as the scar tissues form around the shoulder joint.
Thawing Phase: In the third and final stage, inflammation continues to decrease, and the scar tissues are slowly resolving, resulting in gradual improvements in the range of motion in the shoulder.
Detecting adhesive capsulitis and intervening is crucial when experiencing this condition. The symptoms of a frozen shoulder can worsen over time, especially if left untreated. Seek professional help as soon as you become aware of the symptoms, such as shoulder pain, reduced range of motion, and stiffness. By seeking professional help early on, you may have a better outcome and faster recovery than those who wait.
Main Causes of Frozen Shoulder
Gender and Age: Adhesive capsulitis is more prominent in people over 40 years of age, more specifically in women. Menopause hormonal changes and imbalances are linked to the cause of a frozen shoulder. This is because, during menopause, women experience a decrease in muscle tone due to falling estrogen levels. To create a balance, it is important to focus on muscle toning by incorporating daily exercises.
Diabetes: One of the biggest risk factors associated with a frozen shoulder is diabetes. People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing frozen shoulder for a few reasons. Elevated blood glucose levels can lead to an accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in the shoulder joint tissues, leading to inflammation, stiffness, and weakness. Another reason diabetics are predisposed to frozen shoulder is because glucose molecules attach to the lining of the shoulder, causing stiffness and pain in the area.
Shoulder Trauma and Surgeries: After an injury occurs, you may find yourself using your shoulder less. This can be problematic since a frozen shoulder often happens when the shoulder is not being used regularly. Like with injuries, after surgery, you may want to withhold from using your shoulder, which is why doctors are known to advocate for shoulder movement after surgery. Without keeping your shoulder mobile, you are creating a higher risk of developing a frozen shoulder.
Inactivity: When the shoulder is not being moved regularly, the connective tissues surrounding the joint become thicker, leading to the discomfort and pain associated with adhesive capsulitis. Long periods of inactivity, especially after surgery, may cause an increase in inflammation and tightness.
Prevention and Treatments For Adhesive Capsulitis
Preventative Tips
Exercising:Regular exercise is one of the main ways to prevent a frozen shoulder and promote shoulder health. Engaging in specific exercises that target the shoulder joint and surrounding muscles will promote flexibility and strengthen the muscles. Stretching exercises can help improve the range of motion of the shoulder joint, whereas exercises can help build up strength in the shoulder muscles.
Taking Breaks: While one of the main ways of preventing a frozen shoulder is by regularly engaging the shoulder muscles, overuse can cause injury. Be sure to take regular breaks when doing exercises or stretches to prevent injury and overuse.
Proper Posture: Practicing proper posture and good ergonomics is essential for shoulder health and preventing adhesive capsulitis. Poor posture often leads to muscle imbalances and puts extra strain on the shoulder joint. To maintain good posture, be sure to sit with your back straight and shoulders relaxed, avoid slouching, keep your head aligned with your spine, and use ergonomic chairs and desks, especially if you have an office job.
Treatments:
Physical Therapy: Physical therapy is a less invasive option that can significantly help reduce the pain and limited range of motion when treating a frozen shoulder. A physical therapist will create a personalized stretch and exercise routine while guiding and working with you when treating a frozen shoulder.
Corticosteroid Injections: A corticosteroid injection is a minimally invasive and quick procedure. While the injection provides temporary relief, it can improve shoulder mobility over time if followed through.
Joint Distension: Joint distension is when fluid is injected into the shoulder joint to help stretch the tissue surrounding the shoulder joint. This improves comfort and range of motion in patients.
Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA): A MUA is a surgical procedure where the surgeon manipulates the shoulder joint to break up adhesions while the patient is under anesthesia. This is typically followed by physical therapy.
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Are you experiencing extreme shoulder pain and discomfort, along with a decreased range of motion? You may be in the first stage of adhesive capsulitis. Seek professional help for the prevention and treatment of a frozen shoulder to improve your quality of life.
JOI Physicians continue to offer online new patient appointments. This is a convenient option for new patients looking for high-quality care. Contact JOI today to start your online new patient appointment.
